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53 Basic Spiritual Disciplines


Copyright © 2025 Michael A. Brown

‘My heart says of you, “Seek his face!”  Your face, LORD, I will seek.’ (Ps. 27:8)

‘Very early in the morning, while it was still dark, Jesus got up, left the house and went off to a solitary place, where he prayed.’ (Mark 1:35)

      It should be obvious to anyone who has been a follower of Jesus for any length of time, that growth in our spiritual life does not come automatically.

      Although we enter the Christian life through the gateway of repentance and faith, and although it is God’s desire for us to live a Spirit-filled life, yet simply being a Spirit-filled Christian in and of itself, does not guarantee that we will keep on growing as we should.  Spiritual life does not grow in a vacuum, and we cannot afford to think that we can live our daily life in highly secularised, busy and often distracting and stressful environments without these asphyxiating our spiritual life, or without becoming conditioned to the surrounding secular lifestyle and its values.

      In order to be able to grow in our spiritual life as we should, it is important for us to learn to live and walk as Jesus did, in his total life or, as Willard puts it, we need to live ‘as he lived in the entirety of his life – adopting his overall lifestyle.’[1]  When we look at Jesus’ life, we can see that he regularly practised what are known as spiritual disciplines.

      For example, it was his custom to go to the synagogue every Sabbath (Luke 4:16); he fasted for a period of forty days before he began his ministry (Luke 4:1-2); he would often spend time seeking his Father’s face in prayer (Mark 1:35; Luke 9:28-29, 22:41-45), and so on.  The practice of these disciplines was the source of the inner peace, strength and spiritual power that he needed in order to live and minister in the world of his day.

      There are several such practices which will help us to grow spiritually, and some basic ones are outlined below.

 

a.     Rooting yourself into a local church family

      The Israelites of the Old Testament were required to keep the Sabbath every week as a holy day:

‘There are six days when you may work, but the seventh day is a Sabbath of rest, a day of sacred assembly.  You are not to do any work; wherever you live, it is a Sabbath to the LORD.’ (Lev. 23:3)

      One of the purposes of the Sabbath day was to get the Israelites away from work, and from its distractions and busyness, and the weariness it produces, for one full day each week.  This would then enable them to attend the synagogue and to focus on God, prayer and the teachings of his word on this day, to meet with other believers and also to get physically refreshed.  In doing this, the word of God, prayer and fellowship would not be squeezed out of their lives because of incessant work.

      Attendance at the synagogue in this way was Jesus’ custom (Luke 4:16), and going to gatherings of believers on the first day of the week similarly became the custom of the early Christians (Acts 2:42, 20:7).

      Attending or taking part in meetings and activities which are organised by our church ensures that we are influenced positively and blessed by being with other believers, by the godly atmosphere of worship, prayer and faith, by receiving nourishment from God’s word for our spiritual life, and by being edified in the presence of God.  Doing this at least twice a week helps us to maintain blessing in our spiritual life during the whole week, and also helps us to develop relationships with other believers.

      Furthermore, committing ourselves to a particular group of God’s people helps us to get rooted into the life of a local church family, and so it helps us to develop the relationships and accountability we need in our personal discipleship and growth as believers.  It also helps us to cultivate close friendships and to meet our need for social interaction.  Growth to maturity through discipleship is not something that can happen in our life if we isolate ourself, so we need to be part of a church family.  It says of the early believers that ‘they devoted themselves… to the fellowship.’ (Acts 2:42).

      The subject of becoming rooted into a church family is explored in another blog.

 

b.     Solitude and quietness

      For many people, including believers, life today is often characterised by increasing levels of busyness and stress; by almost endless distractions or spending many hours in legitimate pleasures; by the demands of people or of situations, and by the tyranny of ‘what needs to be done.'

      In consequence, many believers find it a challenge to manage their time and energy in such a way as to make their relationship with God their first priority in daily life.  Indeed, one of the most common problems faced by pastors is having to deal with the dissipation of the spiritual life of believers during the week.  Believers who have been built up and strengthened on Sundays all too often have lost their blessing by the middle of the following week, because of constant busyness or focusing on activities which take them away from God.  So on the next Sunday the whole process of building them up has to begin again.  And then the same thing happens again the following week…  Believers need to recognise this vicious circle in their personal life and to repent from a lifestyle which dissipates the presence and power of God in their life during the week.

      Rather than allowing ourselves to simply be the servants of life’s daily demands, we should make proactive use of our time in order to seek first the kingdom of God.  It is the discipline of solitude and quietness which helps us to do this.  Seeking a time and place of solitude is perhaps the most basic discipline of all in a believer’s individual spiritual life.  Learning to regularly ‘come away from it all’ is crucial to maintaining the freshness and intimacy of our relationship with God and to ongoing growth in our spiritual life.  Such intimacy with God is the key to cultivating our relationship with the Holy Spirit and helps us to keep our blessings, rather than losing them.

      Distractions and constant busyness cause spiritual life to wane, and they bring about coldness and distance between ourselves and God in our walk with him.  It makes us prayerless, and prayerlessness is the scourge of spiritual life.  Indeed, Satan is quite happy for us to be running around busily even in God’s work, if it means that we neglect our personal walk with God.  He would seek to steal this from us, if he can, because he knows that, without it, we become spiritually ineffective in God’s work.  So we need to be proactive in making sure that we keep to this discipline of seeking solitude, rather than passively allowing life to dictate to us how we spend our time.  In this regard, sometimes we might need to say ‘No’ to demands made upon us by others, so that our energies are not so consumed that we have none left for God himself.

      Jesus practised this discipline of solitude and quietness in his own life.  He rose early in the morning and deliberately sought out a place where he could be alone and quiet, and where he could spend time intimately with God and pray (cf. Ps. 5:3).  It was only after this that he began his day’s work:

‘Very early in the morning, while it was still dark, Jesus got up, left the house and went off to a solitary place, where he prayed.’ (see Mark 1:35-38)

      Jesus exhorted his disciples to practise this discipline when he taught them that, in order to be able to pray effectively, they should have a place where they can go regularly to be alone with God, a so-called ‘secret place,’ or ‘a prayer closet’:

‘But when you pray, go into your room, close the door and pray to your Father, who is unseen.’ (Matt. 6:6)

      Having such a secret place, a quiet place of solitude, helps us to get alone with God and to pray, read his word and commune with him.  This is often known as ‘having a quiet time.’  As we practise this, it then gives the Holy Spirit the opportunity he needs to give us the inner freshness, peace and strength that arise within us when we dwell and linger in his presence, and this inner strength then helps us to face the challenges of the day.

      This ‘early morning model’ which the life of Jesus gives us is very helpful.  If our first challenge is to get away and ‘close the door’ on the ‘outward noise’ of busyness and demands, in order to get into a quiet place with God, then the second challenge that we then face is dealing with the ‘inward noise’ of our thoughts, feelings and stresses caused by daily living.  Being unable to focus in our ‘quiet time’ is often caused by wandering thoughts and internal stress.  Such ‘inward noise’ is normally greater during the latter part of the day, when we have been through a whole day of work and busyness.  So, having a quiet time is much easier to practise in the earlier hours of the day, when we are fresher after a night’s sleep and are much less distracted, and therefore freer within ourselves to focus on prayer and reading the word of God.

      However, this is not to say, of course, that the early morning is the only time that we can or should spend with God.  In fact, we can withdraw into our ‘quiet place’ any time we want during the day (or during the night even), and for as long as we want, and we should be free to do so (within the limitations of our working and domestic lives, of course!).  Indeed, in order to cultivate a consistent relationship with the Holy Spirit, we ought to develop the practice of being regularly in God’s presence.

      It is recorded of Daniel that he spent time in prayer three times a day, probably in the morning, sometime around noon, and then in the evening, according to Jewish tradition (Dan. 6:10-11; cf. Ps. 55:17).  Similarly, Peter and John went to the temple to pray ‘at the time of prayer,’ i.e. at the time of the evening sacrifice around three o’clock in the afternoon (Acts 3:1, cf. 2:15, 10:9).  We can also see examples of Jesus spending time with God at various times of the day, e.g. in the early morning (Mark 1:35), in the late afternoon (Mark 6:46-47), in the late evening (Matt. 26:36-46) and through the night (Luke 6:12).

 

c.      Confession

      When we enter into the presence of God in our daily ‘quiet time’ and attempt to get still before him, often the first thing we become aware of is ourself and our inward condition.  As we seek and invite God’s holy presence, we may well become aware in our conscience of an area of failure in our life, a particular sin which we have committed in thought, word or deed, or a selfish or unkind attitude which we have displayed towards someone else, etc.  When we become aware of such things within ourselves, we are then face to face with the sinful condition of our inward self and this may well make us feel guilty and uncomfortable.

      However, we need to remember that when this happens, the Holy Spirit in his mercy is making us aware of what we need to confess to God, in order to then receive his forgiveness and cleansing in our life.  To enter his holy presence, we must first deal with such things in ourself.  Facing them and confessing them to God (instead of trying to repress, ignore or live in denial of them) is the key to entering his presence (cf. Ps. 32:1-5).  The Bible teaches us that God forgives us when we confess our sins to him:

‘If we confess our sins, he is faithful and just and will forgive us our sins and purify us from all unrighteousness.’ (1 John 1:9)

      When we have brought into the light and confessed those particular sins and failures which we are consciously aware of, and have sought God’s forgiveness (cf. John 3:19-21), we should then accept and embrace his promise of forgiveness and cleansing.  This then brings us into a state of inward peace, and it enables us to relax in his holy presence and to receive more from him, assured of his mercy and love for us.

      It is important that we acknowledge and act on such inward convictions and promptings, if we truly wish to enter God’s presence, as otherwise we cannot do so.  He is holy.  So we should be ready to go and seek forgiveness from other people, when we become conscious that we have wronged them in some way.  The readiness to put wrong things right and to seek forgiveness from others, frees our conscience from guilt, and it helps us to keep our relationships right and to live with others in true love and peace (Matt. 5:23-24, 18:15f; Jas. 5:16).  Furthermore, we should also be prepared to make practical restitution to others for wrongs we have done to them, or for things that we have wrongly acquired, and so on, where this is possible (cf. Lev. 6:1-7).  Again, this frees our conscience from guilt and the feeling of wrongdoing, and it helps us to live in right and peaceful relationship with others.

      If a believer has an ongoing problem with tormenting thoughts or feelings (such as anger, guilt, lust or fear, for example) which do not seem to be resolved through confession, then it is good for him/her to talk this matter through with their pastor (or his wife), and to receive his/her counsel and ministry to deal with any underlying issues associated with their problem.  This may well help to resolve the matter.

 

d.     Cultivating intimacy with the Holy Spirit

      The seeking of a quiet place of solitude, together with the appropriate confession of any sin and failure in our life, allows us to draw close to God and to enter into his loving presence.  In his presence, we can learn to commune with the Holy Spirit who indwells us and to cultivate our relationship with him.  If we draw near to God, he will draw near to us (Jas. 4:8).  Praying and singing in tongues for some time as we draw near to God releases the power and presence of the Holy Spirit within us, and it causes the stresses of the day to melt away, bringing us into a place of peace within.

      Such intimacy with God is the heart of all true devotion, whether private or public.  We were created for just such loving intimacy, and God longs that we learn to cultivate closeness with him:

‘Love the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your strength.’ (Deut. 6:4, cf. Gen. 3:8, Jas. 4:5)

      As we relax and dwell in God’s presence, we can focus ourselves on him and learn to wait on him.  We can rest in his love and acceptance.  We can praise and adore him, praying and singing in tongues.  We can receive healing for any inner wounds we are carrying, as we open ourselves up and become vulnerable before him in his presence.  We receive new inner strength and peace as we are refreshed in our spirit.  He can wash our heart and renew our mind (Eph. 5:26).  He can give us deeper understanding of the word of God and speak to us through it as we meditate on it, and he can guide us.

      As we dwell and linger in God’s presence in this way, we are filled again with the Holy Spirit, and we enter a place of real spiritual freedom. (Eph. 5:18).  As a result, we carry God’s presence with us when we come away from our quiet place, and this presence can then overflow and minister to others through us.

      Learning to regularly maintain such a place and time of intimacy with God allows us to cultivate a consistent relationship with the Holy Spirit within us.  It allows our spiritual life to remain fresh, free and peaceful, and it takes striving out of our life and ministry.  Returning again and again to that same place of soul intimacy where we have met with God before is the key to maintaining intimacy with him, and it keeps us in touch with his living presence.  This is the kind of consistent, daily intimacy with God in which Jesus walked in his own life and ministry.  He lived in the presence of God, day and night.

      Any emerging leader who desires to be used fruitfully by God must learn how to live in intimacy with him.  It is a foundational axiom of spiritual life, proven countless times over by servants of God through the ages, that all effective and fruitful ministry comes out of a life lived in intimacy with God.

 

e.      Prayer

      Praying expresses the intimacy of our relationship with God.  Quite simply, it is talking naturally to him and expressing our heart to him.  We often pray when we are alone with God in our quiet time and when we are reading the word of God, although, as we saw above, we can pray at any time, of course.  Jesus expected his followers to pray.  He said, when you pray...’ rather than if you pray...’ (Matt. 6:5).

      Prayer has many forms.  We should confess our failures and sins.  We should thank God for his faithfulness and goodness to us.  We can ask him to fulfil and meet our personal needs or those of people that we know.  This is a form of prayer often known as ‘petition.’  We can also praise and worship him in song and with music, adoring him and expressing our love for him in this way, just as David did in the psalms.  We can also pray in tongues or in our own language.

      It is a good practice to fill our homes with an atmosphere of praise, by streaming praise and worship songs whenever we can.  This helps us to maintain a spirit of praise in our life.  Sensitive praise and worship, especially when practised in a group or gathering of believers, attracts a very close sense of the presence of the Holy Spirit, and this can deeply strengthen and edify us.  God loves to inhabit a place where his people worship him freely in spirit and truth (John 4:23-24, Eph. 2:21-22).

      Praying together regularly with a group of other believers, either in church meetings or perhaps in a smaller group setting, helps us to grow together in unity and relationship with other believers.  It brings about growth in our spiritual life, and we are always encouraged when we see answers to prayer.  There are many examples in Scripture of such corporate prayer (e.g. Acts 1:14, 2:42, 12:5, 13:2-3). Furthermore, spending time together regularly in prayer with a close friend can create a deeper level of intimacy and openness in prayer than is possible in a larger group.  Becoming a member of a church prayer team or being on a prayer chain, helps us to get more experience in praying for and supporting others in their time of need.

 

f.      Meditation on the word of God

      The Holy Spirit within us fills us with his love for the word of God, drawing us to read and meditate on it.  Reading the Bible is a source of feeding our spiritual life.  When we read it, God speaks to us.  The word of God is spiritual food and nourishment to us.  God’s words are our life, and Jesus said his words are ‘spirit and life’ (Deut. 8:3, 32:47; John 6:63).  Just as our body needs feeding several times each day, so our spiritual life needs feeding regularly from God’s word.  We are to eat and drink the word of God:

‘Like newborn babies, crave pure spiritual milk, so that by it you may grow up in your salvation.’ (1 Peter 2:2; cf. Jer. 15:16, Ezek. 2:9 – 3:3, Rev. 10:8-11)

      We read and study the word of God in order to feed our spiritual life, to wash our heart and renew our mind, to strengthen our faith (Rom. 10:17), to understand God’s commandments, to know his promises, and to learn his wisdom and his ways.

      However, rather than simply reading the word of God just as we would read any other book, it is important that we meditate on it, pondering and thinking about what we read (cf. Josh. 1:8, Ps. 1:2).  The Hebrew word used for ‘to meditate’ means ‘to murmur repeatedly’ with the implication of pondering over something.  By thinking carefully and praying about what we are reading in the word of God, by seeking understanding of it and seeking to know what God is saying to us through it, we allow it to sink deeply into our mind and heart.  As we focus on the living and active word of God in this way and give it our undivided attention, its life-giving effects can enter into us and begin to work throughout our entire being, bringing revelation to our spirit, understanding to our mind, and strengthening our faith (Heb. 4:12, Rom. 10:17).

      We should learn to meditate on God’s promises, to confess them over our life, and to stand on them by faith in our circumstances.  As we do this, we will see God answering our prayers and meeting our needs.  As we delight ourselves in the word of God and meditate on it, and as we put into practice what we are learning in obedience to it, then we begin to grow spiritually and bear fruit.  And as we increasingly learn to walk in God’s wisdom and ways, we prosper and are successful in whatever God wants us to do (cf. Josh. 1:8, Ps. 1:1-3).  Our knowledge of the word of God therefore becomes practical and experiential, rather than merely cognitive.

      We are normally fed regularly on the word of God in church meetings and small groups, but, in addition to this, it is good to develop the use of other resources to read and study the word.  There are many good Christian books available which will help us to grow in our understanding of the word of God, and we can also use other resources such as the internet or Christian television programmes.  The Bible is also available for use on hand-held devices.  Your pastor can guide you in finding suitable resources for your growth.  A good basic rule of thumb is to read and meditate on at least one chapter a day from the Bible, and also to do some other devotional reading every day.

 

g.     Fasting

      Fasting is an important spiritual discipline, but it is all too often neglected in church life today.  It was regularly practised by believers in the Bible, and Jesus assumed that his followers would also learn to practise this discipline in their lives: he said, When you fast…’ rather than If you fast…’ (Matt. 6:16).  Scripture highlights the importance and power of fasting by relating several examples of occasions when people prayed and fasted (either as individuals or together corporately as the people of God) and saw God working powerfully in answer to their prayers.

      The practice of fasting is important to the development of our spiritual life and our walk with God, and so the fact that it is not always dealt with in teaching or discipleship at local church level would suggest that we deal with it more fully in a separate blog.

 

h.     Serving

      Servanthood is the heart of Christian work and ministry, and in many ways it exemplifies the opposite of the self-centred values and attitudes of the world which so often emphasise material success, recognition, human pride and position.  Jesus underlined this when he said to his disciples:

‘…whoever wants to be great among you must be your servant, and whoever wants to be first must be your slave – just as the Son of Man did not come to be served, but to serve…’ (Matt. 20:26-28)

      His practical example of washing their feet would have brought this lesson home to them (John 13:1-17).  To know and follow the Master is to learn to serve (John 12:26).  We serve others because he too served:

‘I have set you an example that you should do as I have done for you… no servant is greater than his master.’ (John 13:15-16)

      The use of the Greek word latreia, which is variously translated as both ‘worship’ and ‘service’ (e.g. Rom. 12:1), highlights how the life of worship that we experience as we relate to God, then works itself out in a life of service in the work of his kingdom.  Jesus also underlined this connection:

‘Worship the Lord your God, and serve him only.’ (Matt. 4:10, cf. Isa. 56:6)

      We worship God because we love him, and this should then lead us into serving him.  True heart worship should lead naturally into a desire to serve.  Serving others is an outworking of our worship of God, and regular worship without serving leads to a frustration of the purpose of God for us.  To love God means to then also love our neighbour.  In our local church, serving can find expression in committing ourselves to becoming active in at least one area of the life of the church (perhaps in the various program activities, in practical work and help, or in the church’s ministry, outreach or mission activities), and also in serving other people around us in daily life as opportunity or need arises, whether in school/college, the work-place or in the community.

      Serving others in such ways can fulfil several purposes.  It helps us to see beyond ourselves and to develop vision for the work of God’s kingdom.  It helps us to grow as a disciple by learning to deal with any wrong attitudes we may perhaps discover within ourself from time to time towards particular tasks we may have been asked to do or towards certain other people.  Serving others may lead to getting involved in a particular ministry that we might desire to take part in.  It helps us to put our talents, skills and gifts to use in God’s kingdom.  It helps us to build relationships with other believers and so creates a closer ‘family feeling’ in church life.  It helps us to fulfil God’s call to love our neighbour in doing good works.  In particular, witnessing to non-believers through serving them may well help them to become more open to hearing what we have to say about God.  Serving them through life example and deed backs up any words that we speak about the gospel.  Serving others brings the blessing of God into our life:

‘Now that you know these things, you will be blessed if you do them.’ (John 13:17)

 

i.       Giving

      Giving is an expression of life in the kingdom of God, and it is closely connected to serving.  Jesus said that he came

‘…to serve, and to give his life as a ransom for many.’ (Matt. 20:28)

      He said that we are to

‘…give to the one who asks you, and do not turn away from the one who wants to borrow from you.’ (Matt. 5:42)

      Although we perhaps naturally think in terms of financial giving, we can also give in many other ways, such as giving practical help to those in need; investing our time, skills and energy in a particular aspect of God’s work; giving our wisdom to someone who is seeking it; giving ourselves to a particular outreach ministry; giving by opening our home for hospitality; giving food to needy people through the local foodbank, and/or giving to other charitable causes; even something as simple as giving a smile may bring encouragement to a person who is downcast, and so on.  Giving freely to others is a mark of God’s grace working in us; we give, because God has freely given to us:

‘Freely you have received, freely give.’ (Matt. 10:8, Eph. 1:6)

      The particular aspect of financial giving is discussed in another blog.

 

 

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[1] Willard, D.  The Spirit of the Disciplines, London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1996, p.6.

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